![]() Brain injury affects neuronal circuitry by causing the death of neurons and glial cells and destroying connections between them. Neurons do not work in isolation they form intricate circuitry, the function of which is directly or indirectly influenced by all other cellular components of the brain tissue. Neurons continuously receive, process, and integrate information from the whole body, including the brain, and send out signals to other neurons and cells in the periphery. Brain injuries also interfere with the production, distribution, and reabsorption of CSF and cause changes in the metabolism and function of cells not only in close proximity to the dying tissue but also in more remote brain regions functionally and anatomically connected with the injured area. In addition to causing direct cell damage and cell loss, brain injuries disrupt blood flow and the blood-brain barrier (a barrier that allows only selective molecules to pass from the bloodstream and come in contact with neurons and astroglial cells). ![]() Brain injury caused by head trauma or stroke affects all brain cells, including neurons glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes blood vessel cells and cells that produce and recycle cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which line the brain’s ventricles.
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